asidi formic

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa formic acid ndi kupita patsogolo kwa kafukufuku m'maselo amafuta
Monga chinthu chosungiramo haidrojeni, formic acid imatha kutulutsa haidrojeni yambiri kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati ikufunika, ndipo imakhala yokhazikika pakati pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri komanso kuyendetsa bwino mphamvu ya haidrojeni.
Asidi a Formic sangagwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ndi mankhwala, komanso angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yatsopano yosungunula chipale chofewa kuti ateteze kuipitsidwa kwa madzi apansi.
Formic acid itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga ma cell amafuta omwe amagwiritsa ntchito formic acid mwachindunji ngati zinthu zopangira. Pochitapo kanthu ndi formic acid ndi oxygen kuti apange mpweya woipa ndi madzi, maselo amafuta amatha kupanga magetsi kuti azigwiritsa ntchito zida zazing'ono monga mafoni am'manja ndi laputopu.
Ma cell amafuta achikhalidwe amakhala makamaka ma hydrogen mafuta amafuta ndi ma cell amafuta a methanol. Zoletsa za ma cell amafuta a haidrojeni ndi kukwera mtengo kwa zotengera zazing'ono za haidrojeni, kutsika kwamphamvu kwa mpweya wa hydrogen, komanso kuyenda koopsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito haidrojeni; Ngakhale methanol imakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, mphamvu yake ya electrocatalytic oxidation ndiyotsika kwambiri kuposa ya haidrojeni, ndipo methanol ndi poizoni, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kofala. Formic acid ndi madzi otentha kutentha, alibe kawopsedwe pang'ono, ndipo ali apamwamba electromotive mphamvu kuposa haidrojeni ndi methanol, choncho formic asidi mafuta maselo ali ndi kuthekera kwakukulu ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana poyerekeza ndi hydrogen ndi methanol mafuta maselo [9-10]. Direct formic acid fuel cell (DFAFC) ndi m'badwo watsopano wamagetsi am'manja komanso onyamula chifukwa cha njira yake yosavuta yopangira, mphamvu zapadera komanso mphamvu. Tekinolojeyi imasintha mphamvu zamagetsi zosungidwa mu formic acid ndi oxygen kukhala magetsi.
Batire likapangidwa, lizitha kupereka mphamvu pafupifupi 10 watts mosalekeza, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti litha kuyika zida zazing'ono zambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, monga gwero lamagetsi, ma cell amafuta amafuta a formic acid ali ndi zabwino zambiri komanso kupepuka, monga opanda plug-in charge, poyerekeza ndi mabatire a lithiamu-ion. Ukadaulo ukakhwima, ukuyembekezeka kupikisana ndi mabatire a lithiamu pamsika wocheperako wamagetsi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, maselo amafuta a formic acid ali ndi ubwino wa zinthu zopanda poizoni, zosayaka, zosungirako zosavuta komanso zoyendetsa, electrochemical ntchito, mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu, proton conductivity, transmittance yaing'ono kupita ku nembanemba ya pulotoni, ndipo imatha kupanga mphamvu yokulirapo. kachulukidwe pa kutentha kochepa, komwe nthawi zambiri kumakondedwa ndi akatswiri amakampani. Makampani opanga zamagetsi angakhale opindula kwambiri ngati mabatire oterowo angakhale othandiza. Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo komanso kutsika kwa mtengo, ma cell amafuta a formic acid awonetsa chiyembekezo chabwino chogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake opulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
Formic acid, monga mankhwala okhala ndi mtengo wowonjezera pakukonza mpweya woipa komanso pobwezeretsanso zinthu zopangira mankhwala, ndi chinthu china chowonjezera cha kaboni ndipo amachepetsa ndalama zopangira. M'tsogolomu, zidzakhudza kwambiri kukonzanso kwa carbon ndi mphamvu komanso kusiyanasiyana kwazinthu.

2. Formic acid ndi formic acid. Kodi formic acid acetic acid?
Formic acid ndi formic acid, formic acid si acetic, acetic si formic acid, formic acid ndi formic acid. Kodi mukuganiza kuti Xiaobian ndi wachikopa kwambiri, kwenikweni, Xiaobian ndiwowona mtima kwambiri kuti mudziwitse mitundu iwiri yamankhwala awa.
Formic acid imatchedwanso formic acid ndipo imakhala ndi HCOOH. Formic acid ndi yopanda mtundu koma imakhala yopweteka komanso yopweteka, imatupa kenako imakhala yofiira ikakhudza khungu la munthu. Formaldehyde ili ndi mphamvu ya asidi ndi aldehyde. M'makampani opanga mankhwala, formic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu rabala, mankhwala, utoto, mafakitale achikopa. Formic acid, ndi dzina lake wamba, ndi wosavuta carboxylic acid. Madzi opanda mtundu okhala ndi fungo lonunkhira bwino. Electrolyte yofooka, malo osungunuka 8.6, mfundo yowira 100.7. Ndi acidic kwambiri komanso caustic, ndipo imatha kukwiyitsa khungu mpaka matuza. Amapezeka m'matumbo a njuchi ndi nyerere zina ndi mbozi.
formic acid (formic acid) ndi reductive carboxylic acid yokhala ndi mpweya umodzi. Anapezeka kale mu nyerere, motero amatchedwa formic acid.
Acetic acid, wotchedwanso asidi asidi (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), mankhwala chilinganizo CH3COOH, ndi mtundu wa organic asidi monic, monga chigawo chachikulu cha viniga. Pure anhydrous acetic acid (glacial acetic acid) ndi cholimba cha hygroscopic chopanda mtundu chokhala ndi kuzizira kwa 16.6 ℃ ndi kristalo wopanda mtundu pambuyo polimba. Njira yake yamadzimadzi ndi yofooka acidic ndi erosive, ndipo nthunzi imakhala ndi zotsatira zokhumudwitsa m'maso ndi mphuno.
Asidi Formic chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala mankhwala, mphira coagulant, nsalu, kusindikiza ndi utoto, electroplating, minda chikopa, ndi zofunika zopangira za makampani organic mankhwala, nthawi zambiri ntchito mu makampani makamaka amatanthauza 85% formic acid.

3. Kodi mumachotsa bwanji madzi ku formic acid?
Formic acid kuchotsa madzi, akhoza kuwonjezera anhydrous mkuwa sulphate, anhydrous magnesium sulphate kuchotsa madzi, izi ndi mankhwala njira, kuwonjezera malangizo enieni.
(1) Kuti mugwetse madzi a sulfuric acid kukhala formic acid, ayenera kuwonjezeredwa kudzera muzitsulo zolekanitsa. Choncho, tiyenera kusankha ② chipangizo; Sodium hydroxide solution, calcium hydroxide solution imatha kuyamwa pang'ono mpweya wa formic acid wosakanikirana mu CO, koma mayamwidwe a sodium hydroxide solution ndi amphamvu kuposa njira ya calcium hydroxide. Choncho, chipangizo optional ③;
(2) Mpweya wopangidwa ndi carbon monoxide umatulutsidwa kuchokera ku B, kuchokera ku D kupita ku sodium hydroxide solution kuchotsa mpweya wa formic acid, ndi C; Ndiyeno mumapita kuchokera ku G, pansi pa kutentha. Mpweya wa monoxide kuchepetsa copper oxide, gasi kuchokera ku H, ndiyeno kuchokera ku F kupita ku calcium hydroxide solution, yesani kupanga carbon dioxide. Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe olumikizirana ndi chida chilichonse ndi: B, D, C, G, H, F.
(3) Pansi pa kutentha, oxide yamkuwa imachepetsedwa kukhala mkuwa, kotero, kuyambira koyambira kutentha mpaka kumapeto kwa kuyesa, kusintha kwa mtundu wa copper oxide ufa ndi: wakuda umakhala wofiira, momwe zimakhalira ndi: CuO + CO
△ Ku+CO2.
(4) Pochita kupanga CO, sulfuric acid dehydrates formic acid kupanga carbon monoxide, yomwe imagwira ntchito ya kuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi.
Yankho ndi:
(1) ②, ③;
(2) BDCGHF;
(3) Wakuda mpaka wofiira, CuO+CO △Cu+CO2;
(4) kutaya madzi m’thupi.

4. Kufotokozera za katundu, kukhazikika ndi kusungirako njira za anhydrous formic acid
Formic acid ndende ndi apamwamba kuposa 95% kukhala anaikira formic acid, ndende pamwamba 99.5% otchedwa anhydrous formic acid, ndi zofunika zopangira za makampani organic mankhwala, wakhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala mankhwala, mphira coagulant, nsalu, kusindikiza ndi utoto. , electroplating, zikopa ndi madera ena, izi ndi anhydrous formic acid katundu ndi bata ndi osasiyanitsidwa, pa katundu ndi kukhazikika kwa anhydrous formic acid ndi njira yosungirako anafotokoza motere:
Makhalidwe ndi kukhazikika kwa anhydrous formic acid:
1. Chemical katundu: Formic asidi ndi amphamvu kuchepetsa wothandizila ndipo akhoza kupanga siliva galasi reaction. Ndiwo acidic kwambiri mumafuta odzaza mafuta, ndipo nthawi yodzipatula ndi 2.1 × 10-4. Pang'onopang'ono amaphwanyidwa kukhala carbon monoxide ndi madzi kutentha kwa firiji. Ndi anaikira sulfuric acid Kutentha 60 ~ 80 ℃, kuwonongeka kumasula mpweya monoxide. Formic acid amawola kuti atulutse carbon dioxide ndi haidrojeni akatenthedwa pamwamba pa 160 ℃. Mchere wamchere wachitsulo wa formic acid umatenthedwa pa ***400 ℃ kupanga oxalate.
2. Formic acid amasungunula mafuta. Kukoka mpweya wa formic acid kungayambitse kupsa mtima kwa mphuno ndi mkamwa ndipo kungayambitse kutupa. Valani chigoba chodzitchinjiriza ndi magolovesi amphira mukamanyamula formic acid. Malo ogwirira ntchito akuyenera kukhala ndi zida za shawa ndi zotsuka m'maso, malo ogwirira ntchito azikhala ndi mpweya wabwino, ndipo mlengalenga wovomerezeka wa formic acid mumlengalenga ndi 5 * 10-6. Okhudzidwa ndi mpweya ayenera kuchoka pamalopo nthawi yomweyo, kupuma mpweya wabwino, ndi kupuma 2% atomized sodium bicarbonate. Mukakhudzidwa ndi formic acid, sambani nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi ambiri, samalani kuti musapukute ndi nsalu yonyowa.
3. Kukhazikika: Kukhazikika
4. Chiwopsezo cha polymerization: Palibe polymerization
5. Choletsedwa pawiri: oxidant wamphamvu, alkali wamphamvu, ufa wachitsulo wogwira ntchito
Njira yosungiramo ma asidi a anhydrous:
Njira zodzitetezera ku anhydrous formic acid: Sungani munkhokwe yozizirira komanso yolowera mpweya. Khalani kutali ndi moto ndi kutentha. Kutentha kwa chipinda chosungirako sikudutsa 32 ℃, ndipo chinyezi sichidutsa 80%. Sungani chidebe chosindikizidwa. Iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi oxidizer, alkali ndi ufa wachitsulo wogwira ntchito, ndipo sayenera kusakanikirana. Zokhala ndi mitundu yofananira komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zoperekera chithandizo chadzidzidzi zomwe zidatuluka komanso zida zoyenera zogwirira.

5. Formic acid ndi mankhwala omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'moyo wathu.
Kwa anthu ambiri, gawo lalikulu la formic acid ndi fungo lake lopweteka, lomwe limamveka kutali, koma izi ndizomwe anthu ambiri amawona pa formic acid.
Ndiye formic acid ndi chiyani? Ndi ntchito yanji? Kodi zimawonekera pati m'miyoyo yathu? Dikirani, anthu ambiri sangayankhe zimenezo.
M'malo mwake, ndizomveka kuti formic acid sizinthu zapagulu, kuzimvetsetsa, kapena kukhala ndi chidziwitso, ntchito kapena luso linalake.
Monga chopanda mtundu, koma pali fungo lopweteka lamadzimadzi, limakhalanso ndi asidi amphamvu komanso owononga, ngati sitisamala kugwiritsa ntchito zala kapena khungu linalake ndikukhudzana nawo mwachindunji, ndiye kuti khungu la khungu lidzakhala chifukwa cha kukwiyitsa kwake. mwachindunji thovu, ayenera kuonana ndi dokotala posachedwapa, chithandizo.
Koma ngakhale formic acid ndi yodziwika bwino pakudziwitsa anthu, m'moyo weniweni, ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, osati kungowonekera m'mbali zonse za moyo wathu, pali minda yambiri yomwe simunaganizirepo, kwenikweni. , formic acid ilipo, ndipo adaperekanso zambiri. Gwirani malo ofunikira kwambiri.
Formic acid angapezeke m'mafakitale monga mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zikopa, utoto, mankhwala ndi mphira, ngati inu kulabadira pang'ono.
Formic acid ndi njira zamadzimadzi za formic acid sizingangosungunula zitsulo zachitsulo, ma hydroxides ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana, komanso mawonekedwe omwe amapanga amatha kusungunuka m'madzi, kotero amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala oyeretsa.
Kuphatikiza pa zomwe tafotokozazi, formic acid itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito motere:
1. Mankhwala: vitamini B1, mebendazole, aminopyrine, etc.;
2, mankhwala: ufa dzimbiri ning, triazolone, tricyclozole, triamidazole, polybulozole, tenobulozole, insecticidal ether, etc.;
3. Chemistry: calcium formate, sodium formate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, ethyl formate, barium formate, formamide, rabara antioxidant, neopentyl glycol, epoxy soya mafuta, epoxy octyl soya mafuta, tervalyl chloride, chochotsera utoto, phenolic resin, pickling steel. mbale, etc.;
4, chikopa: kukonzekera pofufuta zikopa, deashing wothandizira ndi neutralizing wothandizira;
5, mphira: zachilengedwe labala coagulant;
6, ena: kusindikiza ndi kudaya mordant, CHIKWANGWANI ndi pepala utoto wothandizila, wothandizira mankhwala, plasticizer, kusunga chakudya ndi zina nyama chakudya, etc.