M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zakale komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso kosasunthika kwa zinthu zongowonjezwdwanso monga biomass kwakhala gawo lalikulu la kafukufuku ndi chidwi cha asayansi padziko lonse lapansi. Formic acid, imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zopangira biorefining, ili ndi mawonekedwe otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kupeza, osakhala ndi poizoni, kachulukidwe kamphamvu ka mphamvu, zongowonjezwdwa ndi zowonongeka, etc. Kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano ndi kusintha kwa mankhwala sikungothandiza kukulitsanso gawo la ntchito ya formic acid, komanso kumathandizira kuthana ndi zovuta zina zodziwika bwino m'tsogolomu ukadaulo wa biorefining. Pepalali lidawunikiranso mwachidule mbiri ya kafukufuku wa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka formic acid, ndikufotokozera mwachidule kafukufuku waposachedwa wa formic acid ngati njira yabwino komanso yopangira ntchito zambiri komanso zopangira pakuphatikiza mankhwala komanso kutembenuka kwachilengedwe kwa biomass, ndikuyerekeza ndi kusanthula mfundo zoyambira ndi dongosolo lothandizira. kugwiritsa ntchito formic acid activation kuti mukwaniritse kusintha kwamphamvu kwamankhwala. Zikunenedwa kuti kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka formic acid ndikuzindikira kaphatikizidwe kapamwamba, ndikukulitsa gawo logwiritsira ntchito pamaziko awa.
Mu kaphatikizidwe mankhwala, asidi formic, monga chilengedwe wochezeka ndi zongowonjezwdwa Mipikisano zinchito reagent, angagwiritsidwe ntchito posankha kutembenuka ndondomeko ya magulu osiyanasiyana zinchito. Monga hydrogen kutengerapo reagent kapena kuchepetsa wothandizila ndi mkulu wa haidrojeni okhutira, asidi formic ali ndi ubwino wa ntchito yosavuta ndi controllable, zinthu wofatsa ndi wabwino mankhwala selectivity poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe haidrojeni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posankha kuchepetsa ma aldehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes ndi zina zotero kuti apange ma alcohols ofanana, amines, alkenes ndi alkanes. Ndipo hydrolysis ndi zinchito gulu deprotection wa mowa ndi epoxides. Poganizira kuti formic acid angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati C1 yaiwisi, monga kiyi Mipikisano zolinga zofunika reagent, formic asidi angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchepetsa mapangidwe quinoline zotumphukira, formylation ndi methylation wa mankhwala amine, carbonylation wa olefin. ndi kuchepetsa ma hydration a alkynes ndi ma multistage tandem reaction, yomwe ndi njira yofunikira yopezera kaphatikizidwe kobiriwira kowoneka bwino komanso kosavuta. mamolekyu achilengedwe. Chovuta cha njira zotere ndikupeza zopangira multifunctional zomwe zimakhala ndi kusankha kwakukulu ndi ntchito zoyendetsedwa bwino za formic acid ndi magulu enaake ogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku waposachedwa wawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito formic acid monga C1 zopangira kungathenso kupanga mwachindunji mankhwala ochuluka monga methanol okhala ndi kusankha kwakukulu kudzera mu catalytic disproportionation reaction.
Pakusintha kwachilengedwe kwa biomass, mphamvu zambiri za formic acid zimapereka kuthekera kwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira zobiriwira, zotetezeka komanso zotsika mtengo. Zida za biomass ndi njira zazikulu komanso zodalirika zokhazikika, koma kusandutsa kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndizovuta. The asidi katundu ndi katundu zabwino zosungunulira wa formic asidi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pretreatment ndondomeko zotsalira zazomera zopangira kuzindikira kulekana kwa lignocellulose zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mapadi m'zigawo. Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe asidi pretreatment dongosolo, ili ndi ubwino wa otsika kuwira mfundo, zosavuta kulekana, palibe kuyambitsa ayoni inorganic, ndi kugwilizana mwamphamvu kwa kunsi kwa mtsinje zimachitikira. Monga gwero labwino la haidrojeni, formic acid idaphunziridwanso kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito posankha kutembenuka kwamphamvu kwa biomass platform compounds kukhala mankhwala owonjezera amtengo wapatali, kuwonongeka kwa lignin kukhala mankhwala onunkhira, ndi njira zoyenga za bio-oil hydrodeoxidation. Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe hydrogenation ndondomeko amadalira H2, asidi formic ali mkulu kutembenuka dzuwa ndi wofatsa kuchitapo kanthu. Ndizosavuta komanso zotetezeka, ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi mphamvu za zinthu zakale zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuyeretsa kwachilengedwe. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti depolymerizing oxidized lignin mu formic asidi amadzimadzi njira pansi wofatsa, otsika maselo onunkhira njira ndi kulemera chiŵerengero choposa 60% angapezeke. Kupeza kwatsopano kumeneku kumabweretsa mwayi watsopano wochotsa mwachindunji mankhwala onunkhira amtengo wapatali kuchokera ku lignin.
Mwachidule, bio-based formic acid ikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pakusinthika kobiriwira kwachilengedwe komanso kutembenuka kwa biomass, ndipo kusinthasintha kwake komanso kuchulukitsitsa ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthu zopangira komanso kusankha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe mukufuna. Pakalipano, gawoli lapindula zina ndipo lapangidwa mofulumira, koma pakadali mtunda wochuluka kuchokera ku ntchito yeniyeni ya mafakitale, ndipo kufufuza kwina kumafunika. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuyang'ana pazifukwa izi: (1) momwe mungasankhire zitsulo zoyenera zogwira ntchito ndi machitidwe okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zenizeni; (2) momwe efficiently ndi controllably yambitsa asidi formic pamaso pa zipangizo zina ndi reagents; (3) Momwe mungamvetsetse momwe zimakhalira zovuta zomwe zimachitika pamlingo wa maselo; (4) Momwe mungakhazikitsire chothandizira chofananira munjira yoyenera. Tikuyembekezera m'tsogolo, kutengera zosowa za anthu masiku ano zachilengedwe, chuma ndi chitukuko zisathe, formic asidi umagwirira adzalandira chidwi kwambiri ndi kafukufuku makampani ndi maphunziro.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-19-2024