【Kusiyana】
Malo osungunuka a asidi oyeretsedwa kwambiri ndi madigiri 16.7, kotero asidi acetic adzapanga ayezi kutentha kwachepa, ndipo amatchedwa glacial acetic acid. Acetic acid ndi dzina wamba, akhoza kukhala mkulu chiyero, angakhalenso otsika chiyero. Glacial acetic acid ndi acetic acid ndi chinthu chomwecho, ndi fungo lamphamvu lamphamvu, kusiyana kuli kokha ngati kuli kolimba, asidi acetic nthawi zambiri amakhala madzi pa kutentha kwa 20 ° C, ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala olimba pa kutentha kwa 16 ° C, yomwe imatchedwanso glacial acetic acid.
Glacial acetic acid (pure matter), ndiye kuti, anhydrous acetic acid, acetic acid ndi imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri za organic, organic mankhwala. Imakhazikika mu ayezi pakatentha kwambiri ndipo imadziwika kuti glacial acetic acid. Kuwonjezeka kwa voliyumu panthawi yolimba kungayambitse chidebecho kuphulika. Kung'anima ndi 39 ℃, malire a kuphulika ndi 4.0% ~ 16.0%, ndipo ndende yovomerezeka mumlengalenga sichidutsa 25mg / m3. Acetic acid yoyera imaundana kukhala makhiristo onga ayezi pansi pa malo osungunuka, kotero anhydrous acetic acid amatchedwanso glacial acetic acid.
Kuphatikiza apo, acetic acid ndiye woyamba komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku China. Acetic acid (36% -38%), glacial acetic acid (98%), formula ya mankhwala CH3COOH, ndi organic monic acid, chigawo chachikulu cha viniga.
【Njira】
Asidi acetic akhoza kukonzedwa ndi kaphatikizidwe kaphatikizidwe ndi mabakiteriya nayonso mphamvu. Biosynthesis, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mabakiteriya, imapanga 10% yokha ya dziko lonse lapansi, koma akadali njira yofunika kwambiri yopangira asidi acetic, makamaka vinyo wosasa, chifukwa malamulo a chitetezo cha chakudya m'mayiko ambiri amafuna kuti viniga mu chakudya ayenera kukonzekera ndi kwachilengedwenso njira, ndi nayonso mphamvu anawagawa aerobic nayonso mphamvu ndi anaerobic nayonso mphamvu.
(1) Njira yowotchera ya Aerobic
Pakakhala mpweya wokwanira, mabakiteriya a Acetobacter amatha kupanga asidi kuchokera ku zakudya zomwe zili ndi mowa. Kawirikawiri cider kapena vinyo wosakaniza ndi mbewu, malt, mpunga kapena mbatata amaphwanyidwa ndi kufufumitsa. Zinthu izi zimatha kufufutidwa kukhala acetic acid pamaso pa puloteni yothandizira yomwe ili pansi pa okosijeni.
(2) njira yowotchera ya anaerobic
Mabakiteriya ena a anaerobic, kuphatikizapo mamembala ena a mtundu wa Clostridium, amatha kusintha mashuga kukhala acetic acid popanda kufunikira kwa ethanol ngati wapakatikati. Sucrose imatha kufufutidwa kukhala acetic acid popanda mpweya.
Kuonjezera apo, mabakiteriya ambiri amatha kupanga acetic acid kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi carbon imodzi yokha, monga methanol, carbon monoxide, kapena kusakaniza kwa carbon dioxide ndi hydrogen.
【Kufunsira】
1. Acetic acid zotumphukira: makamaka ntchito synthesis acetic anhydride, acetate, terephthalic acid, vinilu acetate/polyvinyl mowa, mapadi acetate, ketenone, chloroacetic acid, halogenated acetic acid, etc.
2. Mankhwala: Acetic acid, monga zosungunulira ndi mankhwala zopangira, zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga penicillin G potaziyamu, penicillin G sodium, procaine penicillin, antipyretic mapiritsi, sulfadiazine, sulfamethylisoxazole, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, acetylsalicylic acid, phednisocylic acid, phednisocetin, , caffeine ndi zina zapakati: acetate, sodium diacetate, peracetic acid, etc
3. Kusindikiza ndi utoto wa pigment ndi nsalu: zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga utoto wobalalitsa ndi utoto wa VAT, komanso kusindikiza nsalu ndi kukonza utoto.
4. Synthetic ammonia: Mu mawonekedwe a mkuwa wa acetate ammonia madzi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mpweya woyengedwa kuti achotse mpweya wochepa wa CO ndi CO2 womwe uli mmenemo.
5. Pazithunzi: Chinsinsi cha wopanga
6. Mu mphira wachilengedwe: amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati coagulant
7. Makampani omangamanga: monga anticoagulant
Kuphatikiza apo, imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pochiza madzi, ulusi wopangira, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, mapulasitiki, zikopa, zokutira, kukonza zitsulo ndi mafakitale amphira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-18-2024