M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa zinthu zakale komanso kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala anthu, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera komanso kosasunthika kwa zinthu zongowonjezwdwanso monga biomass kwakhala gawo lalikulu la kafukufuku ndi chidwi cha asayansi padziko lonse lapansi.Formic acid, imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu biorefining, ili ndi makhalidwe otsika mtengo komanso osavuta kupeza, opanda poizoni, osasunthika kwambiri, owonjezereka komanso owonongeka, ndi zina zotero. gawo lofunsira laasidi formic, komanso zimathandiza kuthetsa mavuto ena omwe amapezeka m'tsogolomu luso la biorefining. Pepalali lidawunikira mwachidule mbiri ya kafukufuku wa asidi formic kagwiritsidwe ntchito, chidule cha kafukufuku waposachedwa waasidi formic monga reagent yogwira ntchito komanso yopangira ntchito zambiri komanso zopangira mu kaphatikizidwe kamankhwala komanso kusinthika kothandizira kwa biomass, ndikuyerekeza ndikusanthula mfundo zoyambira ndi kachitidwe kothandizira kugwiritsa ntchito. asidi formic kutsegula kuti tikwaniritse kusintha kwamphamvu kwamankhwala. Zikunenedwa kuti kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka formic acid ndikuzindikira kaphatikizidwe kapamwamba, ndikukulitsa gawo logwiritsira ntchito pamaziko awa.
Mu Chemical synthesis,asidi formic, monga reagent yogwirizana ndi chilengedwe komanso yowonjezereka yowonjezera yowonjezera, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito posankha kutembenuka kwamagulu osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito. Monga chosinthira hydrogen chosinthira kapena chochepetsera chokhala ndi ma haidrojeni ambiri,asidi formic ali ndi ubwino wa ntchito yosavuta ndi controllable, mikhalidwe wofatsa ndi wabwino mankhwala selectivity poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe haidrojeni. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posankha kuchepetsa ma aldehydes, nitro, imines, nitriles, alkynes, alkenes ndi zina zotero kuti apange ma alcohols ofanana, amines, alkenes ndi alkanes. Ndipo hydrolysis ndi zinchito gulu deprotection wa mowa ndi epoxides. Poona kutiasidi formic Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati C1 yaiwisi, ngati kiyi yopangira zinthu zambiri,asidi formic Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuchepetsa kupangika kwa zotumphukira za quinoline, formylation ndi methylation ya amine compounds, carbonylation of olefin ndi kuchepetsa hydration ya alkynes ndi ma multistage tandem reactions, yomwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera kaphatikizidwe kobiriwira kowoneka bwino komanso kosavuta. mamolekyu. Vuto la njira zotere ndikupeza zopangira multifunctional zomwe zimakhala ndi kusankha kwakukulu ndi ntchito zoyendetsera ntchito yoyendetsedwa. asidi formic ndi magulu apadera ogwira ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, kafukufuku waposachedwa wawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito formic acid monga C1 zopangira kungathenso kupanga mwachindunji mankhwala ochuluka monga methanol okhala ndi kusankha kwakukulu kudzera mu catalytic disproportionation reaction.
Mu chothandizira kutembenuka kwa zotsalira zazomera, multifunctional katundu waasidi formickupereka kuthekera kwa kukwaniritsidwa kwa njira zobiriwira, zotetezeka komanso zotsika mtengo za biorefining. Zida za biomass ndi njira zazikulu komanso zodalirika zokhazikika, koma kusandutsa kuti zikhale zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndizovuta. The asidi katundu ndi katundu zabwino zosungunulira wa formic asidi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pretreatment ndondomeko zotsalira zazomera zopangira kuzindikira kulekana kwa lignocellulose zigawo zikuluzikulu ndi mapadi m'zigawo. Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe asidi pretreatment dongosolo, ili ndi ubwino wa otsika kuwira mfundo, zosavuta kulekana, palibe kuyambitsa ayoni inorganic, ndi kugwilizana mwamphamvu kwa kunsi kwa mtsinje zimachitikira. Monga gwero labwino la haidrojeni,asidi formic yaphunziridwanso kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito posankha kusintha kothandizira kwa biomass platform compounds kukhala mankhwala owonjezera mtengo, kuwonongeka kwa lignin kukhala mankhwala onunkhira, ndi njira zoyenga za bio-oil hydrodeoxidation. Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe hydrogenation ndondomeko amadalira H2, asidi formic ali mkulu kutembenuka dzuwa ndi wofatsa kuchitapo kanthu. Ndizosavuta komanso zotetezeka, ndipo zimatha kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu ndi mphamvu za zinthu zakale zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuyeretsa kwachilengedwe. Kafukufuku waposachedwa wasonyeza kuti mwa depolymerizing oxidized lignin muasidi formic njira yamadzimadzi pansi pazikhalidwe zofatsa, njira yochepetsera yolemera yamamolekyulu yokhala ndi chiŵerengero cholemera choposa 60% ingapezeke. Kupeza kwatsopano kumeneku kumabweretsa mwayi watsopano wochotsa mwachindunji mankhwala onunkhira amtengo wapatali kuchokera ku lignin.
Mwachidule, bio-based asidi formicikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu mu kaphatikizidwe kobiriwira kobiriwira ndi kutembenuka kwa biomass, ndipo kusinthasintha kwake ndi ntchito zambiri ndikofunikira kuti tikwaniritse kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zinthu zopangira komanso kusankha kwakukulu kwa zinthu zomwe mukufuna. Pakalipano, gawoli lapindula zina ndipo lapangidwa mofulumira, koma pakadali mtunda wochuluka kuchokera ku ntchito yeniyeni ya mafakitale, ndipo kufufuza kwina kumafunika. Kafukufuku wamtsogolo akuyenera kuyang'ana pa izi: (1) momwe mungasankhire zitsulo zoyenera zogwira ntchito ndi machitidwe okhudzidwa ndi zochitika zenizeni; (2) momwe efficiently ndi controllably yambitsa asidi formic pamaso pa zipangizo zina ndi reagents; (3) Momwe mungamvetsetse momwe zimakhalira zovuta zomwe zimachitika pamlingo wa maselo; (4) Momwe mungakhazikitsire chothandizira chofananira munjira yoyenera. Tikuyembekezera m'tsogolo, kutengera zosowa za anthu amakono kwa chilengedwe, chuma ndi chitukuko zisathe, formic acid umagwirira adzalandira chidwi kwambiri ndi kafukufuku makampani ndi maphunziro.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-27-2024